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Tampilkan postingan dengan label farming. Tampilkan semua postingan

Selasa, 28 Juni 2016

Israel Bio Fuel from Algae

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Israeli scientists grow microalgae strains from the Red Sea in bioreactor fields in the desert near Jordan, for astaxanthin used to create cosmetics, colorants and food supplements…


CCRES AQUAPONICS
Project of NGO
Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources (CCRES)
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Selasa, 31 Mei 2016

Should You Attempt Fish Farming

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Considerations for Prospective Fish Growers


Louis A. Helfrich, Fisheries Extension Specialist, and George S. Libey, Associate Professer, Aquaculture; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Tech

Introduction

Fish farming is an ancient practice that can provide many profitable opportunities today. The raising and selling of fish on a commercial basis has proven to be economically successful throughout the United States. In Croatia, fish farming is growing in popularity. Increasing recognition that fish is a healthy food, low in calories and cholesterol levels, but rich in protein has increased consumer demand in both restaurants and supermarkets.
Fish are excellent animals to rear. They can convert feed into body tissue more efficiently than most farm animals, transforming about 70 percent of their feed into flesh. Fish also have excellent dress-out qualities, providing an average of 60 percent body weight as marketable product and a greater proportion of edible, lean tissue than most livestock. Fish can be intensively cultured in relatively small amounts of water. In Virginia, they can be farmed at densities near 2,000 pounds/acre with careful management. Farm-reared fish offer a new alternative agricultural crop that can potentially replace those which are declining in popularity or profitability. Healthy farm-reared fish, guaranteed free of diseases, pesticides, and other harmful toxicants, are a more desirable substitute for wild fish from potentially polluted waters.

Fish farming is, like most other types of farming, a risky business that requires special knowledge, skills, and careful considerations. Some of the most important factors to consider in determining whether you should begin a fish farming business are listed below. Answering yes to all or most questions does not insure success. Similarly, answering no to all or most questions does not guarantee failure. Individuals with little or no experience in fish farming and few resources available can become successful fish farmers, but they should start small and expand slowly, and be willing to invest lots of time and effort.

Answer Yes or No

Economics:
1.
Do you have sufficient financial resources available?
2. Do you own suitable land with a good source of high-quality water?
3. Do you own enough land and water necessary for a profitable venture?
4. Is there a high demand and sufficient market for your product?
5. Do you have the equipment and machinery necessary?
6. Is expected profit from fish farming greater than other land uses?
7. Can you really devote the money, time, and labor necessary?
8. Do you know the costs involved with the following items:
Capital CostsLand & buildings
Building ponds/raceways
Trucks & tractors
Plumbing & pipes
Tanks & aerators
Oxygen meters
Nets & boots
Operating CostsPurchasing eggs/fingerlings
Fish feed
Electricity & fuel
Labor & maintenance
Chemicals & drugs
Taxes & insurance
Telephone & transportation
Marketing:
l.
Is there an established market for your fish?
2. Is the market demand sufficient year-round?
3. Do you have an alternative marketing strategy to rely on?

Physical:
l.
Do you have a continuous source of clean, high-quality water?
2. Does your soil have enough clay content to hold water?
3. Is the water temperature optimal for the fish species reared?
4. Do you have space sufficient to build enough ponds or raceways?
5. Do you have good and easy pond access for feeding and harvesting?
6. Are the pipes sufficient in size for quick draining & easy filling?
7. Is your residence near enough for direct observation and security?
Production:
l.
Have you had your water tested (chemical and bacteriological)?
2. Do you have a reliable source of fingerlings or eggs at affordable prices?
3. Do you have a reliable source of feed at reasonable cost?
4. Do you have dependable labor available at affordable wages?
5. How long is your growing season (days/year)?
6. Whats your production capacity (pounds/year)?
7. Whats the best fish species for you to grow?
8. Are you aware of fish reproductive biology and nutritional needs?

Legal:
l.
Are you aware of the federal and state laws about fish farming?
2. Do you know where to apply for the necessary permits and licenses?
3. Are you familiar with the personal liability concerns involved?

Risk Assessment:
l.
Can you afford to lose your entire fish crop?
2. Can you conduct water quality tests?
3. Is fish-disease diagnostic-help readily available?
4. Do you know about off-flavor and its causes?
5. Is pesticide, metal,or oil contamination possible?
6. Can you deal with poachers and vandals?
7. Do you know where to go for information and help?

Fish Farming Publications

Magazines/ Newsletters
Aquaculture Digest
9434 Kearney Mesa Rd.
San Diego, CA 92126
Monthly--$50/yr.

Aquaculture Magazine
P.O. Box 2329
Asheville, NC 28802
Bimonthly--$15/yr.

Aquafarm Letter
3400 Neyrey Drive
Metairie, LA 70002
Bi-weekly--$70/yr.
Arkansas Aquafarming
University of Arkansas
Cooperative Extension Service
Box 391
Little Rock, AR 72203
Quarterly--Free

California Aquaculture
University of California
Cooperative Extension Service
Aquaculture Extension
Davis, CA 95616
Monthly--Free
Canadian Aquaculture
4652 William Head Rd.
Victoria, British Columbia
Canada, V8X3W9
Quarterly--$14/yr.

Carolina Aquaculture News
P.O. Box 1294
Garner, NC 27529
Bimonthly--$12/yr.

Farm Pond Harvest
Professional Sportsman Pub.Co.
Box AA
Momence, Illinois 60954
Bimonthly-$10/yr.

Fish Farmer
Business Press International
205 E. 42nd St.
New York, NY 10017
Bimonthly-$56/yr.

Fish Farming International
Heighway House
87 Blackfriars Road
London SE 1814B England
Monthly--$35/yr.

Fish Farming International
110 Fleet St.
London EC4A England

For Fish Farmers
Mississippi State University
Cooperative Extension Service
Mississippi State, MS 39762
Monthly--Free
Georgia Fish Farmer
University of Georgia
Cooperative Extension Service
Athens, GA 30602
Quarterly--Free

Salmonid Magazine
U.S. Trout Farming Asso.
506 Ferry St.
Little Rock, AR 72203
Quarterly--Free

South Carolina Aquaculturist
Clemson University
Cooperative Extension Service
Room 102, Long Hall
Clemson, SC 29631
Quarterly--Free

Texas Aquaculture
Texas A&M University
Cooperative Extension Service
102 Nagle Hall
College Station, TX 77843
Quarterly--Free


The Catfish Journal
Catfish Farmers of America
P.O. Box 1700
Clinton, MS 39056
Monthly--$20/yr.

Timely Tips-Fisheries
University of Tennessee
Cooperative Extension Service
P.O. Box 1071
Knoxville, TN 37901-1071
Quarterly--Free

Water Farming Journal
3400 Neyrey Drive
Metairie, LA 70002
Monthly--$15/yr.

World Aquaculture News
P.O. Box 150129
Arlington, TX 76015
Monthly--$20/yr.
Journals/ Technical Publications
Aquaculture
American Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co.
52 Vanderbilt Ave.
New York, NY 10017
32 issues/yr.--$640/yr.

Aquaculture Engineering
Elsevier Applied Science
52 Vanderbilt Avenue
New York, NY 10017
Monthly--$132/yr.

Journal of Shellfish Research
National Shellfisheries Association
Oyster Biology Section
Gulf Coast Research Lab.
Ocean Springs, MS 39564

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society
178 Pleasant Hill
Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge, LA 70803

Progressive Fish Culturist
American Fisheries Society
5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 110
Bethesda, MD 20814-2199
Quarterly--$16/yr.

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
American Fisheries Society
5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 110
Bethesda, MD 20814

Selected Fish Farming Books

  • A Guide to Integrated Warm Water Aquaculture. D. Little and J. Muir. Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland.
  • Aquaculture Engineering. 1977. F.E. Wheaton. R.E. Krieger Publishing Company, Kreiger Dr., Malabar, FL 32950.
  • Aquaculture: The farming and husbandry of freshwater and marine organisms. 1972. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY.
  • Cage Aquaculture. 1987. M. Beveridge. Unipub, 4611-F Assembly Drive, Landham, MD 20706-4391. Phone (301) 459-7666. ($38)
  • Commercial Catfish Farming. 1973. Interstate Printers and Publishers. Danville, Il.
  • Crustacean and Mollusk Aquaculture in the United States. J.V. Huner and E.E. Brown. AVI Publishing Co., Inc., 250 Post Road East, P.O. Box 831, Westport, CT 06881.
  • Fish Farming Handbook. 1980. AVI Publishing Co., Inc., Westport, Ct. 06881.
  • Fish Hatchery Management. 1986. American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 110, Bethesda, MD 20814.
  • Guidelines for Striped Bass Culture. 1976. American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 110, Bethesda, MD 20814-2199.
  • Principles and Practices of Pond Aquaculture. 1986. American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 110, Bethesda, MD 20814-2199, Phone (301) 897-8616. ($39.95)
  • Principles of Warmwater Aquaculture. 1979. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY.
  • Principles of Warmwater Aquaculture. 1979. American Fisheries Society, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 110, Bethesda, MD 20814-2199. Phone (301) 897-8616 ($39.95)
  • Recent Advances in Aquaculture. J. Muir and R. Roberts. Westview Press Inc., 5500 Central Ave., Boulder, CO 80301.
  • The Aquaculture of Striped Bass. 1984. Maryland Sea Grant Program, 1224 Patterson Hall, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.
  • Trout and Salmon Culture (Hatchery Methods). 1980. California Fish Bulletin Number 164. University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.
  • Trout Farming Handbook. 1973. Scholtum International Inc. Flushing, NY.
  • Water Quality in Warmwater Fish Ponds. 1984. C.E. Boyd. Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830. ($8)

Organizations

American Fisheries Society
5410 Grosvenor Lane
Suite 110
Bethesda, MD 20814-2199
301-897-8616

Catfish Farmers of America
P.O. Box 36
Jackson, MS 39205
601-353-7916
National Ornamental Goldfish Growers Asso.
6916 Blacks Mill Rd.
Thurmont, MD 21788
301-272-7475

National Shellfisheries Association
Edwin Thodes
National Marine Fisheries Service
212 Rogers Ave.
Milford CT 06460
203-783-4200

Shellfish Institute of North America
National Fisheries Institute
2000 M Street, NW, Suite 580
Washington, DC 20036
202-296-5170

U.S. Trout Farmers Association
515 Rock Street
Little Rock, AR 72202
501-372-3595

World Aquaculture Society
341 Pleasant Hall
Baton Rouge, LA 70803
504-388-3137

CCRES AQUAPONICS special thanks to Michelle Davis, Research Associate, Fisheries and Wildlife

Virginia Cooperative Extension materials are available for public use, re-print, or citation without further permission, provided the use includes credit to the author and to Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, and Virginia State University.
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Selasa, 17 Mei 2016

Fish Farming Cage systems

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CCRES AQUAPONICS





An overview of fish farming cage systems.

CCRES AQUAPONICS
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Kamis, 12 Mei 2016

Fish Farming Recirculating systems

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CCRES AQUAPONICS



An overview of fish farming recirculating systems

CCRES AQUAPONICS
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Senin, 09 Mei 2016

Sustainable feed resources

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Fish farming is very efficient in terms of the conversion of protein, which means an important ecological advantage in light of the sustainability of fish feed resources.

One of the most-frequently cited issues with the sustainable development of aquaculture is the capture of other fish as raw material to be used as fish feed in the form of fish meal and fish oil. It is seen as an issue because a food production sector is in part relying on a capture fishery for the supply of raw materials for the production of aquaculture feed.

Typically, these other fish species are small, oil-rich, bony pelagic fish that are not normally used for direct human consumption. Two decades ago, the majority of fish meal and oil was used to make feeds for land animal production. At present, over 50 percent of fishmeal and over 80 percent of fish oil is used for aquaculture.

If aquaculture is to fill the gap in demand for seafood, this raises important sustainability issues as to the availability of sufficient feed supply. This is particularly relevant given the fact that fishmeal and fish oil production has been, and is likely to remain, relatively constant at around 6 million and 0.9 million tonnes per year, respectively.

However, as the demand for fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture has increased, so the price has risen. This has driven both terrestrial agriculture and aquaculture to seek nutritional alternatives to fishmeal and fish oil. This is an on-going process and estimates made by the International Fishmeal & Fish oil Organisation (IFFO) show that the growth of aquaculture and the substitution of fishmeal and fish oil can continue together. The IFFO has started to produce datasheets on fisheries for fish meal and fish oil and these are available at the IFFO web site.

Conversion of caught wild fish to farmed fish

It has been noted that certain types of fish, particularly salmon, are net consumers, requiring in the region of 3 kg of wild fish as feed to produce 1 kg of farmed fish. While it is true that growing high-quality salmon requires considerable amounts of fishmeal and oil, improved technology in fishmeal and oil production as well as better feeding practices on farms have reduced the ratio over time.

Salmon are an exception, because their diets require large amounts of fish oil. For aquaculture overall, the ratio is now well below one: less fish is used for feed than is produced at farms. For carnivorous species, the ratio is still decreasing and expected to reach 1.0 around 2012 (IFFO).

These figures do not include recent gains thanks to the recovery of meal and oil from aquaculture waste. Increasingly in Europe, waste from aquaculture is collected and processed, redirecting around 50 percent of the harvested weight to valuable products.

It should also be noted that wild carnivorous fish also need food. It is estimated that it takes 10 kg of forage fish to produce 1 kg of salmon caught in the wild6. If by-catch values are added to the equation, another 5 kg of forage fish has to be added. Hence, even a 3 to 1 ratio for farmed salmon would be significantly better than a 10-15 to 1 ratio of salmon caught in the wild.

 Efficiency of food conversion in farmed fish



 The food conversion ratio (FCR) is defined as the weight of food that is required to produce one kilogram of fish. In the early days of aquaculture, farmed fish were fed with whole trash fish and FCRs were more than 20 to 1. Through the years, the ratio has dramatically declined. With the advent of dry, pelletised feeds and modern extrusion technologies, FCR levels are now almost 1 to 1. Certain trout and salmon farms achieve an FCR of less than 1:1, making them far more efficient converters of marine protein than their wild counterparts.

As fish feeds represent an increasingly high share of total production cost, fish farmers have every interest in using feeds as effectively as possible, thereby also reducing the potential environmental impacts of non-consumed feeds. Overfeeding or underfeeding would increase the FCR. Therefore, many farms are equipped with underwater surveillance and monitoring systems as well as devices controlling the supply and delivery of feed.

 Replacement of marine protein sources by (terrestrial) plant protein

For various reasons, fishmeal and oil are gradually being replaced by plant proteins in feed that is used in fish farms. Plant proteins can be less costly and they are free of potential contaminants like dioxin, PCB or mercury.

However, fishmeal is an important ingredient in fish feed and can only to a limited extent be replaced by vegetable proteins without reducing feed efficiency and growth. After all, carnivorous or ‘piscivorous fish naturally feed on other fish. The fatty acid composition in the flesh from farmed fish will also reflect the feed composition and inclusion of vegetable oil will reduce the level of omega-3 fatty acids.

Although the introduction of plant protein into the feed can be seen as a way of reducing the sectors dependence on fish meal and fish oil, some have questioned the trend because:


  • carnivorous fish do not naturally feed on plants;
  • plant proteins may have anti-nutritional effects on fish;
  • there is a maximum level of replacement, after which the texture and eating quality
  • of the fish is compromised;
  • some plant proteins could be derived from GMOs.

Generally speaking, though, marine plants have enormous potential to act as fish feed ingredients. Initial research has confirmed this potential and our knowledge in this area is starting to build.

Decontamination of fish meal and fish oil
Fishmeal and fish oil are produced from fish that may contain contaminants. Various research projects are ongoing to look into the feasibility of de-contaminating fish meal and fish oil. One such project is carried out at the Fiskeriforskning Institute in Norway.

Fish stocks of concern in the northern European industry are sprat and herring from the Baltic Sea, and herring, sprat, sand eel and blue whiting in the North Sea. The differences in dioxin and PCB levels reflect the general pollution levels in the respective fishing areas and will disfavour the North European fishmeal and oil producers in the world market. This is already the case in aquaculture, where most fishmeal is sourced from the southern hemisphere.

The main objective of the project is to develop a new oil extraction process to reduce the persistent organic pollutants level in fishmeal. The research will aim to identity optimal processing conditions with respect to both decontamination efficiency and preservation of fishmeal and oil quality. The new oil extraction process is expected to have several advantages compared to a standard hexane extraction process. This will include the possibility of easy integration in an existing fishmeal processing line, use of a safe and non-flammable extraction medium and lower investment and operation costs.

Do farmed fish contain artificial colouring?

The natural red/orange colour of salmon results from carotenoid pigments, largely astaxanthin in the flesh. Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant that stimulates the development of healthy fish nervous systems and that enhances the fishs fertility and growth rate. Wild salmon get these carotenoids from feeding on small crustaceans, such as prawns and shrimp. Astaxanthin does not naturally occur in fish feeds and thus must be added. The astaxanthin which is added to feed is identical to the natural pigment.

Food miles

In recent years, there has been increasing emphasis on energy resources needed to ship in food from afar. Although the relationship between transport and overall sustainability can be complex, it can be said that where food supply chains are otherwise identical, reducing food transport improves sustainability.

Therefore, generally speaking, European aquaculture production could be seen as more efficient in terms of "food miles" than imports of the same species from countries far away.

 However, there is a food mile issue with the use of fish meal and fish oil produced in the southern hemisphere and used in Europe, although this is itself a trade-off of not using fish meal produced in Europe due to issues of species in recovery (e.g. sandeel and capelin) and contamination of fish meal and oil (e.g. Baltic herring).

However, as stated before, comparisons can be complex, involving differences between food supply systems that often involve trade-offs between a diverse variety of environmental, social and economic factors. The impact of food transport can be offset to some extent if food imported to an area has been produced more sustainably than the food available locally. For example, a case study showed that it can be more sustainable (at least in energy efficiency terms) to import tomatoes from Spain than to produce them in heated greenhouses in the UK outside the summer months.

In the case of fishmeal and fish oil, the worlds largest producers of fishmeal and fish oil are in South America. There, fishmeal and fish oil are mass-produced very efficiently and shipped overseas (already with a reduced water content in the case of fishmeal) to Europe to be used as feed in aquaculture. Surely, this has to compare favourably to using airplanes to import fresh fish from Asia or South America.
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Sabtu, 07 Mei 2016

Obama Algae

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President Obama talks with students at the University of Miami about algae as potentially one of the most productive ways to address our fuel needs as the price of gas continues to rise.

CCRES AQUAPONICS
Project of NGO
Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources (CCRES)
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Kamis, 05 Mei 2016

Health and welfare of farmed fish shellfish

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 CCRES AQUAPONICS   



Farmed fish are contained - in ponds, tanks or cages - as with all farmed animals. Just as in land-based farming, farm managers increasingly choose stocking densities and handling practices that optimize growth and health status while avoiding unnecessary suffering.


CCRES AQUAPONICS
Questions are sometimes raised about welfare aspects of aquaculture production. Usually, such questions focus on three issues: stocking densities, the possibility to have ‘free-range aquaculture and the way farmed fish is slaughtered at harvest.

There are many definitions of animal welfare. One definition is based upon the Farm Animal Welfare Councils "five freedoms":

  • Freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition
  • Freedom from discomfort due to environment
  • Freedom from pain, injury and disease
  • Freedom to express normal behaviour for the species
  • Freedom from fear and distress.

Scientific studies have identified operating indicators of fish welfare so that producers are able to measure the welfare status of their stock. The Freedom Food certification scheme of the RSPCA in the UK is a very good example of a welfare standard that has been built by on-farm dialogue with producers and which is now available for salmonid species.

Stocking Density

Many species of fish, such as herring and mackerel, live in large shoals in the wild and are therefore used to very high densities. Keeping such fish in high densities on a farm will only become a problem if the water quality deteriorates, or if the fish are deprived of oxygen or exposed to disease. Fish farmers do their best to prevent such conditions since they will reduce production.

Fish farms holding fish at high stocking densities carefully monitor the oxygen in the water and maintain it at the optimum level for fish growth. Every effort is made to ensure that fish are kept in a healthy condition and that disease is prevented wherever possible, or identified and treated should it occur.

Stocking density has often been proposed as an indicator to measure welfare and there is considerable debate about its value. Also, since the 1980s the volume of cages used for salmon culture in Northern Europe has increased considerably - in some cases more than 200 times, reducing densities and enhancing the ability for the fish to show natural behaviour. However, as land animals that are kept within fences, some limits on behaviour are necessary in farmed fish production.

Free-range aquaculture

"Freerange" aquaculture exists in several forms - for example in "ranching" of salmon and lobster, in "organic" salmon production and in shellfish farming.

lobster1_800.jpg

Photo: Juvenile lobsters reared for restocking Copyright: The AquaReg Lobster Project www.aquareg.com

"Ranching"
- is an aquaculture technique whereby fish and shellfish are bred in captivity and then released into the wild to complete their life cycle before being harvested at some time in the future. Ranching has effectively been applied to Atlantic and Pacific salmon production, whereby juvenile fish have been reared from wild-caught eggs and sperm, raised in hatcheries and then released into specific rivers as smolt, allowed to migrate to sea and recaptured on their return to their river of origin.

Lobster ranching has also been tried on a number of commercial lobster beds in the past, with juvenile lobsters being raised in shore-based hatcheries and then placed on the seabed in sheltered rocky habitats where their chance of survival is thought to warrant the expense of production.

"Organic" salmon farming is conducted according to agreed codes of organic production. Rearing takes place in large, open water floating pens where conditions are as close to the open ocean as possible. Stocking densities are reduced to allow the fish to grow and develop in as natural a way as possible and the only feed used comes from sustainable fisheries. Because of lower stocking densities and open water conditions, the fish tend to be less prone to disease and therefore the use of medicines can be kept to a minimum. Increased production cost for "organic" fish is recouped with higher prices on the marketplace.

Shellfish farming, such as the laying of oysters and mussels directly on the seabed or the hanging of mussels on suspended ropes, can be said to be "free range" in so far as it is allowing the shellfish to grow in identical conditions to those they would encounter in the wild.

Slaughter methods

Recent studies suggest that fish, like warm-blooded animals, can experience fear and pain, leading to justifiable concern that codes of practice for the welfare of warm-blooded farm animals should be extended to cover farmed fish.

Accordingly, a four-step process for the humane slaughter of farmed fish has been developed similar to the European Directive covering warm-blooded animals. It covers transport and live storage, restraining, stunning and slaughter.

The process decrees that, to spare fish avoidable trauma, stunning prior to slaughter should induce immediate (within one second) and permanent loss of consciousness or, where loss of consciousness is not immediate, it should be without any avoidable excitement, pain or suffering.

stunning

Photo: Electrical stunning of Atlantic Salmon in Tasmania. Systems identical to this are currently being
installed in Norway, so that all farms are equipped by July 2008. Photo courtesy of Bruce Goodrick.


Farmers currently employ any of three ways to reach this goal: electrical stunning (passing a current through the animal); mechanical stunning (a captive needle destroys the brain) or chemical stunning (adding a food-grade substance like eugenol, based on clove oil, to the water in which the fish are held.)

CCRES AQUAPONICS 
part of NGO
Croatian Center of Renewable Energy Sources (CCRES)
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Jumat, 29 April 2016

GRANPA DOME Farming Beneath a Dome

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GRANPA DOME Farming Beneath a Dome

Special Report : Farming Beneath a Dome


In our first "Special Report", we take a look at a uniquely shaped plant factory, which is up and running in one of the devastated areas from the Great East Japan Earthquake. Within its dome is a circular vegetable cultivation stage.
This is a dome-type plant factory produced by a company named Granpa. Curly lettuce is grown inside this 29-meter diameter dome. A maximum of 14,000 heads of lettuce can be grown in one dome. The harvest varies according to the season, but roughly 250 to 400 heads of lettuce can be picked a day. For now, eight domes have been up and running since September 2012 at Rikuzen Takata Farm in Iwate prefecture. The company that developed them already had one operating in Kanagawa prefecture which is what led to the interest by Rikuzen Takata City. This dome allows the planting of seedlings while standing up straight, which is impossible when planting things outside. The strong point of the plant factory is that it can supply a stable amount of vegetables every day with a constant quality. Additionally, post-harvest work is also relatively easy, as the inside of the dome is always kept clean. The dome plant factory different from the square ones is the product of a number of ideas. It foretells the future of farming and also brings hope to the devastated areas.
 




CROATIAN CENTER OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (CCRES)
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Kamis, 28 April 2016

Grow Your Own Wedding Flowers Georgie Newberys latest flower farming book is here!!

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Being sent a copy of Georgie Newberys new book, which, by the way will be published in early November, was a complete treat and made my day on Saturday when it arrived. It is a thing of beauty. A coffee table tome. The kind of book you would be proud to display when you wanted to show off a bit perhaps. Its cover is a beautiful bouquet that could only have come from Common Farm Flowers, full of exquisitely conditioned roses and sweet peas, fennel and poppy seed heads. It is a quintessentially English bouquet that any bride would be thrilled to have as part of her special day.

Now to actually review a book by a friend is hard, and so, frankly, Im not even going to pretend that is what this is. However, I do have one issue and that is the name of the book, Grow Your Own Wedding Flowers, ought to be Find A Wedding To Grow Flowers For, because this book is not just how to grow flowers for your wedding. It goes far beyond that. From cutting and conditioning, to quantities of stems needed and advice on how best to manage the floristry as well as tips on scheduling and how to manage the flowers and floristry at the same time as everything else, what this book gives the reader is an insight into how Common Farm Flowers grow, manage and cut for weddings every season of every year. But you could change the word wedding and add any event that flowers might be appropriate at and this book is for you. In fact you could decide you wanted to grow a great bouquet for yourself, a friend or relative and this book is for you. And even if you decide not to grow your own flowers, this book is full of inspiration to help you decide what you want from your event flowers.

What I found really wonderful are the four chapters that help the reader to decide what it is they are going to grow for the appropriate season that their special day falls in. It doesnt just concentrate on what you can grow, although it covers that comprehensively with sections on annuals, perennials, bulbs and shrubs, but it also looks at how wild flowers, the plants already growing in the garden, including plants for foliage, can be added into the palette of plants being produced, as well as separate sections on how to cut and condition these. Alongside these are sections about the symbolism and meaning of individual flowers; daisies for loyal love, sunflowers for loyalty and longevity and on each page are the most startlingly beautiful photographs of weddings that Common Farm Flowers have created both flowers and floristry for.

What is particularly special about this book though, more than the words and the photos, is the insight into the work that Georgie and her amazing team put into not only each and every wedding they create such wonderful floristry for, but in fact the work and effort behind running such a hugely successful business as Common Farm Flowers is. She speaks lovingly of slow flowers, allying the way she and Fabrizio work the land with the Slow Food movement, one at which love and care for the land and the other species that inhabit it is constantly at the centre of everything they do. She speaks of organic practises, compost teas and the gentle ways in which they steward the land from which these magnificent flowers are cut and with this knowledge it is no wonder that the quality of both the flowers and the floristry sing through.

At Common Farm Flowers a successful business has been made growing flowers for cutting and creating floristry with those flowers in a way that is kind to the earth, wildlife and people. This book proves that you can have an ecologically sound and principled business, producing a really extraordinary product that is also sustainable and principled. Take this book and apply the principles to your garden and you wont go far wrong, in both growing and ecological practises. And you will have some magnificent flowers that you could, if you wanted to, use for a wedding.

I forgot to mention that Sarah Raven wrote the foreword. I also forgot to mention that if you can get through the acknowledgements without a tear, then you are a less sentimental soul than I!

As a little addendum I have to mention the Common Farm Meadows. Teaming with butterflies, pollinators and full of orchids and native wild flowers, they are a complete marvel and speak of Fabrizios understanding and love of the land for which he cares. Whilst Georgie is the force behind the floristry and the commercial business, Fabrizio manages the land, always with an eye on the natural turning of the seasons and the vast amount of other species who inhabit the land alongside the family and the team. Once upon a time I commented that these meadows are on a par with those at Great Dixter, and those who know me also know I would never say such a thing unless I truly meant it. This summer they were stunning and could only have been brought into being by a man who knows the land. I doff my cap to Fabrizio, steward of the extraordinary land at Common Farm.



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Jumat, 22 April 2016

CCRES AQUAPONICS Cooperating Institutions

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All the food CCRES produced during the year is given to poor families.

 CCRES AQUAPONICS Cooperating Institutions

International Fish Farming Technologies provides a novel technology for the inland production of seawater fish. IFFTs innovative and environmentally friendly Closed Loop Mariculture (CLM) offers an alternative to conventional fish farming. By uncoupling from the environment and under stable rearing conditions they present the new perspective for sustainable and environmentally friendly fish farming.

Agro Ittica Lombarda S.p.A. : CALVISIUSâ Original Caviar Malossol is the registered trade mark of Agroittica Lombardas farmed White Sturgeon Caviar. Agroittica Lombarda, based in Brescia (Italy) runs the largest sturgeon farm in Europe producing 500 tonnes/year of meat and 20 tonnes/year of top quality caviar. Experienced since 1991 in farmed caviar processing, Agroittica has gained a worldwide reputation for the freshness, granulometry (min.2.8mm) flavour and hygiene of its sturgeon roe: a real Malossol with a very low salt content. This has been made possible because CALVISIUSâ is extracted from October through March thus avoiding high salting for longer preservation.

We, the Acadian Sturgeon and Caviar Inc. , produce and sell sturgeon stocking material - Atlantic (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) and shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) for aquaculture, restocking and research. We also offer consulting and R&D services in the field of sturgeon aquaculture and ecology. We are developing the production of sturgeon meat and caviar as well as a gene bank for both those sturgeon species in Carters Point, New Brunswick, Canada.

The GoConsult is an independent consultancy involved with ship-mediated biological invasions and species introductions for aquaculture purposes since 1999. Dr. Gollasch was chairman of the ICES Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms (2001-2006). This group commented on the project to re-import sturgeons from North America to the Baltic countries and also monitors through country reports the importation of life specimens for trade and aquaculture, including sturgeons. Todays work is focussed also on the development of risk assessment and ballast water management scenarios for Europe as well as on specific efficacy tests of ballast water treatment systems.

The Holsten-Stör Fishfarm produces caviar from the Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baeri, in closed recirculating systems. The caviar is sold under trademark "Baerioska".

The main objectives of the International Sturgeon Research Institute (ISRI) in Rasht (Iran) relate to conservation and sustainable use of sturgeon stocks in the Caspian Sea while also fostering regional and international cooperation to conduct sturgeon research in joint projects along the following thematic subject areas:

A) Specific Research topics:
  • Sturgeon Ecology in natural waters and under ponds conditions
  • Controlled reproduction, Sturgeon rehabilitation and restocking of sturgeon populations
  • Stock assessment and improved catch technology
  • General physiology and biochemistry of sturgeons
  • Genetics and breeding, biotechnology and population genetics of sturgeons
  • Sturgeon aquaculture
  • Ecotoxicology studies using sturgeons as target species
  • Processing technology and development of sturgeon products
  • Sturgeon pathology and disease control
B) Involvement in Regional and International Cooperation:
  • Cooperation with international organizations to conserve valuable stocks of sturgeons in the Caspian Sea and other endangered populations of sturgeon species in the world. eg. CITES ( Asia representative in Animal Committee), IUCN (Chairman of Sturgeon Specialist Group), Member of Foundation Committee and Board in WSCS
  • Exchange scientific and technical information as well as research experts with other organizations and universities
  • Conduct long term and short term training courses at different academic levels
  • Hosting international conferences on management and conservation of sturgeon stocks. (Chairman of ISS5)

The North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization (NASCO) is an international organization established under the Convention for the Conservation of Salmon in the North Atlantic Ocean which entered into force on 1 October 1983. The objective of the Organization is to contribute through consultation and cooperation to the conservation, restoration, enhancement and rational management of salmon stocks subject to the Convention taking into account the best scientific evidence available to it. The Convention applies to the salmon stocks which migrate beyond areas of fisheries jurisdiction of coastal States of the Atlantic Ocean north of 36N latitude throughout their migratory range. Contracting partners include Canada, Denmark, the European Union, Iceland, Norway, Russian Federation and the United States of America. NASCO has three regional commissions. NASCO can be contacted through the Secreatariat at NASCO / 11 Rutland Square / Edinburgh, EH1 2AS / United Kingdom

CRM-Coastal Research & Management is a private association of experts in the fields of Marine Research and Environmental Consulting, Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Marine Biotechnology. CRM elaborates science-based planning and decision tools, that help to avoid ecological or economical failures. Since 1993 CRMs interdisciplinary team supplies services for coastal industries (aquaculture, harbor, shipping, tourism) and is partner in international scientfic projects. The first seaweed farm in Germany was established by CRM in order to develop new value added products for cosmetic, medical and biotechnological use.

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) of the Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. The IZW conducts integrated biological and veterinary research on wildlife. Our work is focused on the mechanisms and functions of evolutionary adaptations that ensure the survival and reproduction of individuals in free-ranging and captive populations of wildlife, and the limits that may affect the viability and persistence of such populations. For this purpose, we study the behavioural and evolutionary ecology, wildlife diseases, and reproduction of mostly larger mammals and birds. A special group around Dr. A. Ludwig studies in particular sturgeon genetics in relation to their phylogeny and distribution but also in light of trade control of caviar. The institute was recently the co-organizer of the 2nd Status Workshop on Identification of Acipenseriformes Species in Trade

Department of Ecotoxicology (Institute for Ecological Research and Technology, Technical University of Berlin. Major research areas are: Fisheries and ecological status of habitats. Effects Monitoring (freshwater and marine) and the study of detoxification processes using modern methods to assess DNA damages (Genotoxicity, Xenoestrogens, Immunosuppression, Phagocytosis). Development of modern bioanalytical systems and (on-line) monitoring systems, entire cell bio-sensors. Development and testing of cost efficient screening methods (genotoxic potential, endocrine effects and immunosuppression) in inland and coastal waters. Landscape scale ecotoxicology in respect to the Water Frame Work Directive and REACH. Risk assessment, -communication and -management in constructions and materials.

The European Aquaculture Society (EAS) is an international non-profit association that promotes contacts and disseminates information among all involved or interested in aquaculture in Europe. EAS has members in more than 60 countries and participates in various initiatives to contribute to the sutainable development of European aquaculture.

From the start DIECKMANN & HANSEN has always been and still is a caviar import/export company and has therefore global experience in this trade and its quality control. DIECKMANN & HANSEN was founded in 1869 and is the oldest existing caviar trading company worldwide.

Polar and Marine research are central themes of Global system and Environmental Science. The Alfred Wegener Institute conducts research in the Arctic, the Antarctic and at temperate latitudes. It coordinates Polar research in Germany and provides both the necessary equipment and the essential logistic back up for polar expeditions. Recent additional research themes include North Sea Research, contributions to Marine Biological Monitoring, Marine Pollution Research, Investigation of naturally occuring marine substances, marine aquaculture and technical marine developments.

The European Association of Fish Pathologists was established on 25th October 1979 in Munich, Germany. it is an interdisciplinary society, embracing all aspects of aquatic disease in fish and shellfish, in aquaculture and in wild stocks. Members come from all disciplines, biologists, microbiologists, veterinarians, fish farmers and aquaculture engineers. The objective of the EAFP is to promote the rapid exchange of experience and information on aquatic disease problems and related topics. These aims are pursued mainly through regular regional and international meetings, support for training courses in laboratory techniques and the publication of the Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, a fully citeable journal listed in ASFA, Current Contents and Science Citation Index.

Blackwell Publishing GermanyBlackwell Verlag is the German subsidiary of the company Blackwell Publishing whose headquarters are located in Oxford, UK. At the heart of Blackwells publishing service is an organisation with international reach, publishing over 660 journals and collaborating with more than 500 learned societies. In 2002 Blackwell published over 600 books. With revenues of approximately 230 million euros, Blackwell is the largest privately owned publisher world wide.

Leibnitz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland FisheriesThe Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries is one of the principal German centres for research on limnic ecosystems, and unites hydrologists, chemists, microbiologists, fish ecologists and fish biologists. A combination of fundamental and applied research supports our long-term goal of management of aquatic ecosystems, via restoration, development and protection. Our research activities are primarily oriented to the analysis of the widespread structures and functions of freshwater ecosystems. Our subsidiary focus is the study of unique regional environments such as the Berlin river-lake system where numerous shallow lakes are interconnected by dominant rivers, and turbulence is a major influence.

Sander OzonizersErwin Sander Elektroapparatebau GmbH: Ozone Generators for Laboratory and Industry - Typical Applications: Potable Water, Waste Water, Waste Air, Bottling Industry, Sterilisation, Swimming Pools, Laboratories, Material Tests, Petro Chemistry, Bio Chemistry, Water Chemistry, Climatic Technology, Cooling Towers, Test Cases, Aquaculture, Public Aquaria, Medicine, School, University

Global Information System FishBaseFishBase is a relational database with information to cater to different professionals such as research scientists, fisheries managers, zoologists and many more. FishBase on the web contains practically all fish species known to science. FishBase was developed at the WorldFish Center in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and many other partners, and with support from the European Commission (EC). Since 2001 FishBase is supported by a consortium of seven research institutions.

Deutsche SeeDeutsche See is the market leader for fish and seafood in Germany. Pleasure oriented foods and excellent service are the core competences - and this is demonstrated to customers and partners everday. The real cornerstones lie in the international sourcing of fresh and carefully selected products, their processing in the custom built "Deutsche See" factory in Bremerhaven and the groundbreaking Quality Management. Furthermore, "Deutsche See" offers a high degree of local presence and delivery all over Germany through a network of 26 "Deutsche See" branches.

aquafutureaquaFUTURE e.K. - Aquaculture Equipment, Consulting, Fishfarming, Recirculated Systems

Vancouver Island UniversityVancouver Island University  Known as a centre of excellence for teaching and learning, Vancouver Island University (VIU) is producing high calibre graduates who are in demand by employers across the country and around the world. Through its ongoing evolution and growth, VIU is proud to have contributed to the development of Vancouver Island and British Columbias culture, economy and knowledge base. VIU, formerly Malaspina University-College, has evolved from a small community college to a dynamic, internationally known university supporting a student population in excess of 18,000 full-and part-time learners and employing over 2,000 faculty and staff.

Society to Save the Sturgeon e.V.Founded in 1994, the Society to Save the Sturgeon is engaged in the restoration of the European sturgeon Acipenser sturio. Scientists, fishfarmers und nature conservationists work closely together in this ambitious project, supported by international experts and organisations, aming at the reintroduction of the species in the mayor German rivers. Accompanied by international cooperations, these stocks should be expended to neighboring areas. On our homepage, we want to give experts and interessted layman some insights to the project and the sturgeon - its biology and its way of life.

Freshwater Fisheries Society of BCThe Freshwater Fisheries Society of B.C. (FFSBC) is a non-profit society that delivers all of the services formerly provided the by Provincial Governments Fish Culture Section (Provincial Hatcheries). The society works in partnership with the province to deliver the provincial fish stocking program as well as providing conservation fish culture services that support steelhead and sturgeon recovery programs. The Freshwater Fisheries Society is also responsible for the promotion and marketing of freshwater fishing in the province. One of the main objectives is to offer anglers the most comprehensive website for lake and stream sports fishing information in British Columbia.

fishartgalleryTeom Lim is an award winning carver with a unique perspective. He is an artist, avid fisherman and fisheries biologist rolled up in one. His meticulous attention to detail and university background produces carvings that are beautiful and anatomically correct. These attributes coupled with his love for fishing have enabled Teom to create pieces of art that capture a moment in nature.

Sturgeon AquaFarmsSturgeon AquaFarms, LLC (SAF) is a company that is dedicated to restoring the worlds resources of sturgeon. The company was established in order to start an aquaculture operation in Florida, USA that would farm various sturgeon species for commercial production of sturgeon meat and caviar - beluga, osetra, sevruga.
Sturgeon AquaFarms, LLC. was established in order to farm sturgeon species Huso huso, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Acipenser stellatus, Acipenser baerii, and Acipenser ruthenus. The company has been researching this proposal for the past seven years. During that time we have negotiated with the United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquaculture, Food & Drug Administration, Conservation Commission, Department of Fisheries, Water Management organization and Aquatic Services. We have corresponded with these agencies in an attempt to successfully fulfill all requirements for our proposal.

AquaBioTech GroupAquaBioTech Group is a leading independent aquaculture, fisheries and environmental consulting, development, testing, research and training company operating throughout the world.

ABT Aquaculture is a leading aquaculture consulting and technical support company that forms part of the AquaBioTech Group. The company has grown to become one of the largest dedicated independent aquaculture consulting company`s operating on a truely global scale. With clients and projects in over twenty-nine (29) countries and a team of over twenty-five (25) highly qualified and experienced staff and personnel, the company draws on a wealth of experience and expertise covering all aspects of aquaculture planning, feasibility, development and operation.

ZwyerCaviar LLCZwyerCaviar LLC is an family owned enterprise, seated in the heart of Swiss alps. As an innovative company we are determined to succeed and differentiate ourselves in the highly competitive and growing luxury fine food market worldwide. We are socially and ecologically conscientious of everything we do. Our approach is led by sustainability. Caviar is about trust. ZwyerCaviar comes from a sustainable controlled and responsible aqua farming environment and meets the highest health and quality standards in the world. A high priority is given to the protection and conservation of the sturgeon species in the wild. The sturgeons of ZwyerCaviar live in an untouched natural reserve, far from civilization and pollution. ZwyerCaviar is a clima-neutral company and proud member of the World Sturgoen Conservation Society eV.

Apart from the corporate website there is a blog named Caviarist you may want to visit, which is a mix between a corporate (of ZwyerCaviar LLC) and a privat (Roger Zwyer) blog.

Aller Aqua GroupAller Aqua Group:  With more than 40 years in the sector, Aller Aqua is one of the most experienced suppliers of fish feed for freshwater and saltwater species.
Aller Aqua has a wide range of fish feed for freshwater and saltwater fish  for example fish feed for carp, catfish, rainbow trout, cod, turbot, rockfish, salmon, seabass, seabream and sturgeon.

All our fish feed products are produced by means of extrusion. The fish feed must cover the basic metabolism of the fish and ensure healthy growth. In order to meet these requirements the fish feed composition must meet all needs for nutrients, vitamins and minerals. Aller Aqua fish feed meet all these requirements and have been adapted to various sizes of fish and feeding strategies. The feed have been developed in cooperation with customers and undergo continuous tests, in selected test stations and fish farms.
Fish feed from Aller Aqua are produced at our factories in Denmark, Poland and Germany.

Fish Farm Giaveri RodolfoThe Fish Farm Giaveri Rodolfo  was created in 1979 as an eel farm. Thanks to realization of an efficient system of modern aquaculture, with an advanced plant, it has become the leader in this field among the top European fish farms. For almost 30 years the focus of the farms eel production has been to satisfy traditional kitchen requests in the South of our Peninsula and Sardinia, while trade in the foreign market has been mainly in smoked eel. Furthermore, already in the early 80s, the breeding was diversified introducing alternative species as Carps, Tenches and especially the Sturgeon. At the beginning, bred for sport fishing and then for its meat, it became the new and real protagonist of Giaveri production. Sturgeon inspires a lot of interest for the high quality of its resulting caviar also covering a particular role for variety of exemplars of Acipenser which are present in the plant.

EmpirikaEmpirika  

Mottra CaviarMOTTRA Ltd  are the purveyors of exceptional quality farmed black caviar from Latvia. Established in 2002 and founded by a group of Russian and Latvian caviar experts, MOTTRA combines a new environmental and scientific approach resulting in the production of the purest CITES certified caviar that will delight the most discerning connoisseur.

Mottra produces Osetra (Acipenser baerii) and Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) caviar all year long, no matter what the season, due to the Mottra caviar pools being totally enclosed and insulated under carefully controlled temperatures using unique technology. This allows Mottra to be in full control of the process of caviar ripeness as the water at the farm is not susceptible to climate change and the caviar can be collected when it is at its best. Mottra does not use any preservatives, chemical or medical additions to the fish nor to the caviar; only salt is added. The caviar is malossol, grain-to-grain. Unlike many farms, the Mottra sturgeon are "stripped" of their eggs and are allowed to mature rather than being culled, as for each year that the fish lives the superior the quality, and thus all round caviar experience.

Tropenhaus FrutigenThe Tropenhaus Frutigen  represents a new tourist attraction in the Bernese Oberland. 100 litres of mountain water flows out of the Ltschberg Base Railway Tunnel every second. This heat energy is put to good use in the Tropenhaus: Fish and plants that love a warm climate are cultivated in the extensive facility, which is open to the public, and the Tropenhaus has around 80 employees from the local area. The facility is run by the Tropenhaus Frutigen AG, with Hans Peter Schwarz as the Chairman of the Board of Directors.

The Tropenhaus Frutigen is an attractive excursion destination for both individuals and groups. Visitors experience at first hand how the waste heat from the Ltschberg Base Tunnel is made use of: Exotic plants thrive in the Tropenhaus, while heat-loving fish swim about in the large basins. The food that is produced on-site comes fresh onto the tables of the operations own restaurants. The Tropenhaus is also a suitable location for events of all kinds, such as wedding receptions, company events or meetings. A wide range of tourist attractions are also available in the immediate vicinity.

TU Berlin Department of Ecological Impact Research and EcotoxicologyBerlin Institute of Technology (BIT) Department Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology  Research for a Sustainable Future of our Ecosystems: Our research line in the field of ecological impact research and ecotoxicology aims to understand changes in an ecosystem from molecule, cells, organisms up to population effects and landscape structure. Within this goal the aquatic-terrestrial connectivity is one of the main back bones. Beside anthropogenic caused changes, we are investigating natural compounds, such as cyanobacterial toxins, which also cuase changes in an ecosystem.

A sustainable protection of our ecosystems can only be achieved, if single ecosystem function are investigated in order to help achieving the goal to protect the ecosystems.

Fischzucht Rh?nforelle GmbH & Co. KGFischzucht Rhnforelle  is among the pioneers of sturgeon farming in Germany. In 1990 Peter Gross imported the first thousand small Siberian sturgeon juveniles from Konakowo (Volga River) to Gersfeld (Germany). Since than, he gradually converted the former trout farm into a sturgeon farm. Today, the Siberian sturgeon is reproduced year round and fertilized eggs are exported world-wide, including to the former origin in Russia. Today, juvenile production includes the highly endangered species Huso huso.
CCRES AQUAPONICS
 project of NGO
CROATIAN CENTER of RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (CCRES)
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